language-and-linguistics

What Was the Word of the Year 2023

The Word of the Year 2023 was ‘hallucinate’ , selected by multiple authoritative language observers to reflect how sharply generative AI entered everyday discourse. This cho...

Mara Ellison
What Was the Word of the Year 2023

What Was the Word of the Year 2023

The Word of the Year 2023 was ‘hallucinate’, selected by multiple authoritative language observers to reflect how sharply generative AI entered everyday discourse. This choice signals a cultural pivot in how people describe machine output that appears fluent yet factually ungrounded. The term’s prominence in 2023 captures public conversations about AI reliability, attribution, and trust. Below we clarify which organizations used this pick, why it mattered, and how the word illustrates broader shifts in technical communication and public vocabulary.

Why ‘hallucinate’ Mattered in 2023

As large language models became widely accessible, users and experts needed a succinct way to describe confident but incorrect AI statements. ‘Hallucinate’ filled that gap, reframing AI errors as more than typos and highlighting systemic issues in training data and reasoning. This linguistic framing affected policy discussions, product design language, and media coverage. By choosing a single word, language authorities provided a shared term for technical and public debates about AI truthfulness and accountability.

Notable Definitions and Context

In this context, ‘hallucinate’ means a model generating plausible-sounding content that is factually wrong or unverifiable. The term conveys both the synthetic origin of the output and its misleading resemblance to human reasoning. Its uptake in 2023 reflects heightened scrutiny of AI claims and a need for precise vocabulary among journalists, researchers, and regulators.

Verified Sources and Rationale

Several language institutions track annual vocabulary trends, though methodologies differ. In 2023, notable selections included:

OrganizationWord of the Year 2023Selection RationaleSource Type
Merriam-WebsterhallucinateSpike in lookups tied to AI discussionsVerified editorial decision
Collins English DictionaryaiDebate about artificial intelligence governanceEditorial press release
Oxford Languages (OED)upcyclingFocus on sustainability and reuseAnnual lexicographic report
Cambridge DictionaryhallucinateUser search behavior and linguistic evidenceCorpus-driven update

These variations show that different institutions prioritize different signals—search data, editorial judgment, or corpus frequency—yet ‘hallucinate’ emerged as a leading candidate across multiple lists, reflecting its technical and cultural resonance.

Selecting a word of the year is an editorial decision, not a measurement of frequency alone. It highlights shifts in how communities talk about technology, ethics, and authority. In 2023, the rise of accessible generative AI turned abstract concerns about model behavior into daily conversations. The verb ‘hallucinate’ offered a vivid, morally charged label for AI mistakes, borrowing from clinical language to emphasize seriousness without assigning intent.

  • Permission — Cambridge Dictionary’s 2023 choice, highlighting evolving norms in workplace and academic AI use.
  • AI — Collins’ selection, underscoring the year’s focus on artificial intelligence as a category.
  • Authentic — Associated with backlash against synthetic content and curated identities.
  • — Swedish word meaning ‘weather protection’ or ‘care,’ recognized by Swedish Language Council.

Together, these choices illustrate diverse responses to technological change, from caution (permission) to diagnostic framing (hallucinate).

Implications for Technical and Public Communication

When institutions name a word of the year, they frame what deserves sustained attention. Choosing ‘hallucinate’ encourages clearer expectations about AI capabilities and risks. It nudges technical writers, product teams, and policymakers to adopt precise language that distinguishes model-generated content from verified fact. The term also invites interdisciplinary dialogue, where philosophy, law, and computer science converge on questions of truth and responsibility.

Evergreen Takeaways

The Word of the Year 2023 is most commonly associated with ‘hallucinate’, driven by generative AI’s arrival in mainstream discourse. Even as models and headlines evolve, the lexical lesson remains: language shapes how we govern, trust, and improve technology. Tracking these annual choices provides a durable lens on long-term cultural and technical change, helping readers navigate future vocabulary with informed context.

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