Conservation Biology

Environment

Nola was a critically endangered northern white rhino who died on March 19, 2018, at age 45 in Kenya. The widely reported cause of death was age-related complications, including...

animal-behavior

Gay penguin couples refer to male-male or female-female pairs that form long-term, socially recognized bonds and often exhibit parenting behaviors in the wild and in human care....

Environment

The phrase ‘last white rhino’ refers to the final individual of the northern white rhino subspecies after decades of decline. With only two females remaining since 2018 and...

Environment

A species is considered functionally extinct when it no longer plays a meaningful ecological role in its ecosystem, even if some individuals still exist. This status differs fro...